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C45E | 1.1191 Material Datasheet

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Material Description

Material Number Material Number (single) Standard Scope Standard Status Country Predecessor Successor VDA 231-106 classification
1.1191 (DIN EN 10083-2 : 2006-10) 1.1191 DIN EN 10083-2 : 2006-10 DIN EN 10083-2 : 2006-10 replaced by DIN EN ISO 683-1 : 2018-09 Replaced Germany C45E C45E 1.1 1)
1) Remark: Steel C45E is suitable for mean loaded parts of higher dimensions (large forged parts) and more complex form in vehicle manufacturing and machine engineering (e.g. shipshafts, transmission parts, wheel hubs). As a bright steel product it is used in the form of bars, bright, straight, in different conditions (see DIN EN 10277).

Chemical Composition

C [%] Cr [%] Mn [%] Mo [%] Ni [%] P [%] S [%] Si [%] Cr+Mo+Ni [%]
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Mechanical Properties

Semi-finished Product Condition Nominal Size [mm] Temperature [°C] Specimen Direction Tensile Strength [MPa] Yield Strength [MPa] Elongation A [%] Reduction of Area [%] Hardness HB | HBW Hardness HRC Hardness HV
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Physical Properties

Temperature [°C] Density [g/cm³] Young's Modulus [GPa] Shear Modulus [GPa] Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (reference 20°C) [10^-6*K^-1] Differential Coefficient of Thermal Expansion [10^-6*K^-1] Thermal Conductivity [W/(m*K)] Thermal Diffusivity [10^-6 m²/s] Specific Electrical Resistance [µΩm] Mean Specific Heat Capacity [kJ/(kg*K)] True Specific Heat Capacity [kJ/(kg*K)]
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Toughness Data (Impact)

Semi-finished Product Condition Nominal Size [mm] Temperature [°C] Specimen Shape Specimen Direction Notch Impact Energy [J]
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Heat Treatment

Heat Treatment Step Temperature [°C] Holding Time [h] Medium
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Cross Reference

Material Name Country Standard
45 China GB/T 699 1)
45 China GB/T 710 1)
45 China GB/T 3275 1)
U20452 China 1)
C45E Europe EN 10083-2
45C8 India IS 5517 1)
C45E International ISO 683-1 1)
S45C Japan JIS G 4051 1)
SM45C South Korea KS D 3752 1)
45 Russia GOST 1050 1)
A29 Grade 1045 USA ASTM A29 1)
A510 Grade 1045 USA ASTM A510 1)
A576 Grade 1045 USA ASTM A576 1)
A827 Grade 1045 USA ASTM A827 1)
G10450 USA UNS 1)
1045 USA SAE 1)
Ck 45 Germany 1)
1) Source: Stahlschlüssel 2016, Verlag Stahlschlüssel Wegst GmbH, Marbach

Producer/Supplier/Trade names

Tradename Supplier
C45E AG der Dillinger Hüttenwerke, Dillingen
C45E Saarstahl AG, Völklingen
OPEL QS1045E Georgsmarienhütte GmbH, Georgsmarienhütte
1.1191 Platestahl Umformtechnik GmbH, Lüdenscheid
1.1191 H. Kleineberg GmbH, Stelle
1.1191 INTERSTAHL Service GmbH, Wetter
1.1191 Rosswag GmbH, Pfinztal-Kleinsteinbach
1.1191 ET Edelstahl-Trading GmbH, Willich
1.1191 Klöckner & Co SE, Duisburg
1.1191 Eisen-Heinzl GmbH, Selb-Erkersreuth
1.1191 DWK Drahtwerk Köln GmbH, Köln
1.1191 Quick Metall GmbH, Forst
BGH 1191 BGH Edelstahl Siegen GmbH
BÖHLER V 945 voestalpine High Perfomance Metals Deutschland GmbH, Düsseldorf
Buderus Ck 45 Buderus Edelstahl GmbH, Wetzlar
C45E Hoesch Hohenlimburg GmbH, Hagen
C45E Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH, Salzgitter
C45E ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, Duisburg
C45E Georgsmarienhütte GmbH, Georgsmarienhütte
C45E Hayes-Lemmerz-Werke GmbH, Königswinter
C45E Swiss Steel International GmbH, Düsseldorf
C45E Willy Haecker GmbH, Hückeswagen
C45E Hagenkötter GmbH & Co., Solingen
C45E Hermann Stahlschmidt Stahlgesellschaft m. b. H., Willich
C45E Stahlwerk Unna GmbH & Co.KG, Unna
C45E ZAPP AG, Ratingen
C45E Haage Anagramm Technologien GmbH, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr
C45E C.D. Wälzholz GmbH & Co. KG, Hagen
C45E Stahlrump GmbH & Co.KG, Iserlohn
C45E BESSEY Tool GmbH & Co. KG, Bietigheim-Bissingen
C45E Ilsenburger Grobblech GmbH, Ilsenburg
C45E Schmiedewerke Gröditz GmbH, Gröditz
C45E Vallourec Deutschland GmbH, Düsseldorf
C45E Stahlwerk Annahütte Max Aicher GmbH & Co. KG, Hammerau
C45E voestalpine AG, Linz
C45E HEINE + BEISSWENGER Stiftung + Co.KG, Fellbach
C45E Tata Steel, IJmuiden
C45E EZM Edelstahlzieherei Mark GmbH, Wetter
C45E Günther + Schramm GmbH, Oberkochen
C45E Hammerwerk Erft, G. Diederichs GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Münstereifel-Arloff
C45E Imet Industriemetall Handelsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg
C45E Steeltec AG, Emmenbrücke
C45E Swiss Steel AG, Emmenbrücke
C45E Edelstahlwerk C. & F. vom Brocke e.K., Altena-Altroggenrahmede
C45E ORI MARTIN Deutschland GmbH, Duisburg
C45E pauly STAHLHANDEL, Essen
C45E Hoselmann Stahl GmbH, Hannover
Ck 45 Saarstahl AG, Völklingen
Ck 45 Walzwerke Einsal GmbH, Nachrodt
Ck 45 ASCOMETAL GmbH, Erkrath
Ck 45 STM Stahl Vertriebs GmbH, Gräfelfing
Ck 45 Wilhelm Jungermann GmbH, Remscheid
Ck 45 Wilhelm Oberste-Beulmann GmbH & Co. KG, Remscheid
Ck 45 Rohrwerk Maxhütte GmbH, Sulzbach-Rosenberg
Ck 45 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel GmbH & Co. KG, Siegen
DE 1191 Dörrenberg Edelstahl GmbH, Engelskirchen
DIMO C45 AG der Dillinger Hüttenwerke, Dillingen
DIRO-C45E DIROSTAHL, Remscheid
Guete C45E Aubert&Duval Special Steel GmbH, Mönchengladbach
THYROFORT C45E Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel GmbH & Co. KG, Witten
V945 Stahl Judenburg GmbH, Judenburg

Material Compliance

REACh RoHS
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FKM Guideline Fatigue Strength

Semi-finished Product Condition Nominal Size [mm] Tensile Strength [MPa] Yield Strength [MPa] Fatigue Limit under rev. Tension-Compression Stresses [MPa] Fatigue Strength under pulsating Tensile Stresses [MPa] Bending Fatigue Strength [MPa] Shear Fatigue Strength [MPa] Torsion Fatigue Strength [MPa] Constant a for size factor Kd for yield stress Rp Constant a for size factor Kd for tensile strength Rm
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Hardenability (Jominy test)

Condition Front Distance [mm] Hardness HRC (+H grade) Hardness HRC (+HH grade)
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Fracture Toughness

Temperature [°C] Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc [MPa*m^½]
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Linear-elastic

Temperature [°C] Young's modulus [GPa] Bulk modulus [GPa] Shear modulus [GPa] Poisson's ratio
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Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Electrical resistivity

Temperature [°C] Specific electrical resistance [µΩm]
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Coefficient thermal expansion

Related Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C] Coefficient thermal expansion [10^-6*K^-1]
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Specific heat

Temperature [°C] Specific heat [kJ/(kg*K)]
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Density

Temperature [°C] Density [g/cm³]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Thermal conductivity

Temperature [°C] Thermal conductivity [W/(m*K)]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Designation

Designation Material number Source
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
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Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
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Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
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Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur