Materials Portal Logo MATERIALS PORTAL

S235JR | 1.0038 Material Datasheet

Unlock Exclusive Materials Data

Gain access to a wealth of materials data by joining our Materials Portal.

Register for Free or Upgrade for Full Access

Material Description

Material Number Material Number (single) Standard Scope Standard Status Country Predecessor Successor VDA 231-106 classification
1.0038 (DIN EN 10025-2 : 2005-04) 1.0038 DIN EN 10025-2 : 2005-04 DIN EN 10025-2 : 2005-04 replaced by DIN EN 10025-2 : 2019-10 Replaced Germany RSt 37-2 S235JR 1.1 1)
1) Remark: The hot rolled, unalloyed quality steel S235JR is applicated for welding constructions. The steel is not intended for heat treatment. Stress relieving annealing is allowed. Products in the delivery condition +N may be hot formed and/or normalized after delivery. For long products and continuous rolled flats the delivery condition is up to the producer +AR, +N or +M. The delivery condition of four-high rolled sheet is also up to the producer and may be +AR or +N. Both conditions can be ordered. For this steel are available (mat. no 1.0122, S235JRC) grades for folding, roll forming to shape and cold drawing.

Chemical Composition

C [%] Cu [%] Mn [%] N [%] P [%] S [%]
≤ 0.17 ≤ 0.55 ≤ 1.4 ≤ 0.012 ≤ 0.035 ≤ 0.035 1)2)
1) Source: EN 10025-2 : 2004-11
2) Remark: Unkilled steel is not allowed. On agreement Cu: 0,25 to 0,40 %, from 0,40 % hot cracking danger when hot forming is applicated. Max. 0,20 % C for thicknesses >40 mm, for sections with nominal thicknesses >100 mm the C content on agreement. For long products the amount of P and of S can be increased by 0,005 %. For better machinability of long products the S amount can be increased by 0,015 %, if the steel was treated for sulphide changing and if min. 0,0020 % Ca is present. The max. value for N is not valid, if the total Al min. 0,02 % or the content of acid soluble Al min. 0,015 % or enough other N fixing elements are present. Other added elements have to be specified in the verification certificate. Following thickness depending max. values for the carbon equivalent (CEV) applies: up to 40 mm max. 0,35 40 to 150 mm max. 0,38 150 to 250 mm max. 0,40

Mechanical Properties

Semi-finished Product Condition Nominal Size [mm] Temperature [°C] Specimen Direction Tensile Strength [MPa] Yield Strength [MPa] Elongation A [%] Elongation A80 [%]
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 1 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 235 ≥ 17 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 1 - 1.5 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 235 ≥ 18 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 1.5 - 2 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 235 ≥ 19 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 2 - 2.5 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 235 ≥ 20 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 2.5 - 3 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 235 ≥ 21 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 3 - 16 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 235 ≥ 26 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 225 ≥ 26 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 63 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 215 ≥ 25 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 63 - 80 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 215 ≥ 24 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 80 - 100 20 longitudinally (L) 360 - 510 ≥ 215 ≥ 24 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 20 longitudinally (L) 350 - 500 ≥ 195 ≥ 22 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 150 - 200 20 longitudinally (L) 340 - 490 ≥ 185 ≥ 21 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 200 - 250 20 longitudinally (L) 340 - 490 ≥ 175 ≥ 21 1)2)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 1 20 transverse (T) ≥ 15 1)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 1 - 1.5 20 transverse (T) ≥ 16 1)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 1.5 - 2 20 transverse (T) ≥ 17 1)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 2 - 2.5 20 transverse (T) ≥ 18 1)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 2.5 - 3 20 transverse (T) ≥ 19 1)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 3 - 40 20 transverse (T) ≥ 24 1)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 63 20 transverse (T) ≥ 23 1)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 63 - 150 20 transverse (T) ≥ 22 1)
Strip, sheet, wide flat, section, rod, wire rod normalized or normalized formed (+N) 150 - 250 20 transverse (T) ≥ 21 1)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 16 100 187 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 16 200 161 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 16 250 143 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 16 300 122 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 100 180 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 200 155 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 250 136 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 300 117 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 100 100 173 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 100 200 149 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 100 250 129 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 100 300 112 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 100 180 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 200 155 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 250 136 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 300 117 3)4)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 16 100 187 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 16 200 161 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 16 250 143 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) ≤ 16 300 122 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 100 180 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 200 155 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 250 136 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 16 - 40 300 117 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 100 100 173 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 100 200 149 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 100 250 129 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 - 100 300 112 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 100 159 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 200 137 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 250 115 4)5)
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 100 - 150 300 102 4)5)
1) Source: EN 10025-2 : 2004-11
2) Remark: The values are valid for longitudinal test specimens. At sheet steel, strip steel and wide flats with a width of more than 600 mm the values are valid for transverse test specimens.
3) Source: AD 2000 W 1 : 2018-05
4) Remark: Parameter K (yield point) for the design at higher temperatures.
5) Source: AD 2000 W 13 : 2019-07

Physical Properties

Temperature [°C] Density [g/cm³] Young's Modulus [GPa] Poisson's Ratio Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (reference 20°C) [10^-6*K^-1] Differential Coefficient of Thermal Expansion [10^-6*K^-1] Thermal Conductivity [W/(m*K)] Thermal Diffusivity [10^-6 m²/s] Specific Electrical Resistance [µΩm] Mean Specific Heat Capacity [kJ/(kg*K)] True Specific Heat Capacity [kJ/(kg*K)]
-100 217 10.8 9.3 0.423 0.371 1)
0 213 11.7 11.6 0.456 0.451 1)
20 7.85 212 11.9 11.9 56.9 15.7 0.183 0.461 0.461 1)
100 207 12.5 13 56.4 14.5 0.227 0.479 0.496 1)
200 199 13 14 53.5 12.9 0.295 0.499 0.533 1)
300 192 13.6 15 49.4 11.2 0.38 0.517 0.568 1)
400 184 14.1 15.9 45.2 9.6 0.481 0.536 0.611 1)
500 175 14.5 16.6 41.3 7.9 0.599 0.558 0.677 1)
600 164 14.9 16.4 37.6 6.3 0.738 0.587 0.778 1)
20 0.284 2)3)
1) Source: SEW 310 : 1992-08
2) Source: IMA Dresden
3) Remark: transferred from 1.0305 in accordance to SEW 310 : 1992-08

Welding and Joining

Procedure Welding and Joining - Evaluation Added Materials
Manual metal arc welding suitable EN ISO 2560 1)2)
Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) suitable EN ISO 636 1)2)
Metal active gas welding (MAG) suitable EN ISO 14341 (wire) EN ISO 17632 (cored wire) 1)2)
Submerged arc welding suitable EN ISO 14171 1)2)
1) Source: Anik, S.; Dorn, L.: Schweisseignung metallischer Werkstoffe; Düsseldorf : Dt. Verl. für Schweisstechnik, DVS-Verl. , 1995
2) Remark: Prefer basic welding consumables

Toughness Data (Impact)

Condition Nominal Size [mm] Temperature [°C] Specimen Shape Specimen Direction Notch Impact Energy [J]
normalized or normalized formed (+N) 12 - 250 20 Charpy ISO V-notch longitudinally (L) ≥ 27 1)2)
1) Source: EN 10025-2 : 2004-11
2) Remark: Mean value of 3 specimens. Values for profiles >100 mm nominal thickness have to be agreed. For widths < 10 mm the values decrease proportional to the cross section decrease. For nominal thickness < 6 mm no impact tests.

Heat Treatment

Heat Treatment Temperature [°C]
Hot forming 900 - 1200 1)2)
Normalizing 890 - 920 2)3)
Stress relieving 530 - 580 1)2)
1) Source: SEW 088 : 1993-10
2) Remark: Normalizing and hot forming temperature overtaken from DIN 17100 for comparable material. Stress relieving annealing temperature > 580°C or > 1 h time will influence the mechanical properties.
3) Source: Baustähle der Welt, Verlag f. Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1964

Cross Reference

Material Name Country Standard
Q235A China GB/T 700 1)
Q235B China GB/T 700 1)
U12355 China GB/T 700 1)
U12352 China GB/T 700 1)
Q235A-b China GB/T 701 1)
Q235B-b China GB/T 701 1)
U12354 China GB/T 701 1)
U12351 China GB/T 701 1)
Q235A China YB/T 3301 1)
Q235B China YB/T 3301 1)
Q235A China YB/T 3301 1)
Q235B China YB/T 3301 1)
U12352 China YB/T 3301 1)
U12355 China YB/T 3301 1)
Q235A China GB/T 3524 1)
Q235B China GB/T 3524 1)
U12352 China GB/T 3524 1)
S235JR Europe EN 10025-2
Fe360 India IS 1570 : Part 1 1)
Fe330 India IS 1570 : Part 1 1)
FeE230 India IS 1570 : Part 1 1)
FeE220 India IS 1570 : Part 1 1)
E250 India IS 2062 1)
HR235 International ISO 4995 1)
HR235-D International ISO 6316 1)
SS330 Japan JIS G 3101 1)
SNR400 Japan JIS G 3138 1)
SS330 South Korea KS D 3503 1)
A283 Grade C USA ASTM A283 1)
A1011 SS Grade 36 Type 1 USA ASTM A1011 1)
A1011 SS Grade 36 Type 2 USA ASTM A1011 1)
K02401 USA UNS 1)
K02502 USA UNS 1)
S235JR Germany AD 2000 W 1
S235JR Germany AD 2000 W 13
S235JRG2 Europe 1)
RSt 37-2 Germany 1)
Fe 360 B FN Germany 1)
1) Source: Stahlschlüssel 2016, Verlag Stahlschlüssel Wegst GmbH, Marbach

Producer/Supplier/Trade names

Tradename Supplier
S235JR ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, Duisburg

Material Compliance

REACh RoHS
compliant, no regulated substances above 0.1% compliant, no regulated substances above 0.1% (lead) or 0.01% (cadmium)

FKM Guideline Fatigue Strength

Semi-finished Product Condition Nominal Size [mm] Tensile Strength [MPa] Yield Strength [MPa] Fatigue Limit under rev. Tension-Compression Stresses [MPa] Fatigue Strength under pulsating Tensile Stresses [MPa] Bending Fatigue Strength [MPa] Shear Fatigue Strength [MPa] Torsion Fatigue Strength [MPa]
Bar as rolled (+AR) 40 360 235 160 158 180 95 105 1)2)
Bar normalized or normalized formed (+N) 40 360 235 160 158 180 95 105 1)2)
1) Source: Fatigue strength values according to FKM-guideline/2002 (information values).
2) Remark: Temperature: -40 to 100 °C. Frequency: 1 to 100 Hz Probability of survival: 97.5% Strength parameters according to DIN EN 10025 : 1994-03 - Nominal size is valid for unnotched material test specimens without surface influence. - Fatigue limit under rev. tension-compression stresses and shear fatigue strength change with the tensile strength. - Bending fatigue strength and torsion fatigue strength change with the tensile strength and the nominal size. - Fatigue strength under pulsating tensile stresses is valid for the mean stress sensitivity according to Schuetz.

Linear-elastic

Temperature [°C] Young's modulus [GPa] Bulk modulus [GPa] Shear modulus [GPa] Poisson's ratio
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur

Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Electrical resistivity

Temperature [°C] Specific electrical resistance [µΩm]
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur

Coefficient thermal expansion

Related Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C] Coefficient thermal expansion [10^-6*K^-1]
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur

Specific heat

Temperature [°C] Specific heat [kJ/(kg*K)]
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur

Density

Temperature [°C] Density [g/cm³]
blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Thermal conductivity

Temperature [°C] Thermal conductivity [W/(m*K)]
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Designation

Designation Material number Source
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur
blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Yield strength

Temperature [°C] 0.1% Proof strength [MPa] 0.2% Proof strength [MPa] Yield strength [MPa]
blur blur blur blur

Tensile strength

Temperature [°C] Tensile strength [MPa]
blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Strain life

Temperature [°C] Static hardening coefficient [MPa] Static hardening exponent Cyclic fatigue strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic fatigue strength exponent Ductility coefficient [Pa] Ductility exponent Cyclic strength coefficient [MPa] Cyclic strain hardening exponent Young's modulus [GPa]
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur

Alternating stress

Temperature [°C] Stress ratio Mean stress [MPa] Alternating stress [MPa] Cycles
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur
blur blur blur blur blur

Classification

WIAM Material Treatment Semi-finished product Dimension [mm] Load type Failure criteria Rolling direction Maximum stress [MPa] Strain at maximum stress [%] Source description
blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur blur